humanitarian
ACTIVITY TITLE
GUY 3.2 CP PREVENTION, RESPONSE AND S/WORKFORCE REFORMS
Reported by
UNICEF XM-DAC-41122 Multilateral
ACTIVITY SCOPE COLLABORATION TYPE AID TYPE FINANCE TYPE FLOW TYPE TIED STATUS HIERARCHY
Sub-national: Single first-level administrative area 6 Multilateral outflows 4
Project-type interventions C01
Standard grant 110 ODA 10 Untied 1
DOCUMENTS ( 26 )
Description of UNICEF programming approach framework at the country level with Common Country Assessments (CCAs) providing the equivalence of pre project appraisals APPLICATION/PDF EN 2022-01-01 Pre- and post-project impact appraisal Interagency Humanitarian Response Assessments and Plans TEXT/HTML EN 2022-01-01 Pre- and post-project impact appraisal UN Sustainable Development Group Database of Common Country Analyses TEXT/HTML EN 2022-01-01 Pre- and post-project impact appraisal UNICEF COVID-19 Socio-Economic Impact Assessment APPLICATION/PDF EN 2022-01-01 Pre- and post-project impact appraisal UNINFO Document Database to search for Common Country Analysis and Cooperation Framework TEXT/HTML EN 2022-01-01 Pre- and post-project impact appraisal Guyana and Suriname Country Programme Document 2017-2021 extended until Feb 2022 (see extension 1) APPLICATION/PDF EN 2016-08-05 Objectives / Purpose of activity Guyana and Suriname Country Programme Document 2017-2021 extension 1 APPLICATION/PDF EN 2021-09-10 Objectives / Purpose of activity Guyana and Suriname Country Programme Document 2022-2026 APPLICATION/PDF EN 2021-12-27 Objectives / Purpose of activity 1800/A0/07/883/002 Programme Implementation Plan APPLICATION/PDF EN 2025-03-31 Conditions Budget 1800/A0/07/883/002 Programme Cooperation Agreement APPLICATION/PDF EN 2021-10-31 Conditions For suppliers and service providers TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Conditions UNICEF Policy on Harmonized Approach to Cash Transfers to Implementing Partners APPLICATION/PDF EN 2021-10-31 Conditions UNICEF Procedure on Harmonized Approach to Cash Transfers to Implementing Partners APPLICATION/PDF EN 2021-10-31 Conditions UNICEF procedure for programme implementation partnerships TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Conditions UNICEF Contract Awards through the UN Global Marketplace TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Summary information about contract Guyana Evaluation Reports TEXT/HTML EN 2021-11-03 Review of project performance and evaluation Output web page APPLICATION/PDF EN 2025-03-31 Results, outcomes and outputs Activity web page Guyana and Suriname Multi Country Programme 2023 Annual Report on Results for Children APPLICATION/PDF EN 2024-02-16 Results, outcomes and outputs UNICEF partnerships TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Memorandum of understanding (If agreed by all parties) UNICEF Supply Catalogue TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Tender UNICEF Tender Calendars TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Tender UNICEF Tender Notices through the UN Global Marketplace TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Tender Country Office Tender Notices APPLICATION/PDF EN 2025-03-31 Tender UNICEF Supply Contract Awards TEXT/HTML EN 2021-10-31 Contract 1800/A0/07/883/002 Contract Awards APPLICATION/PDF EN 2025-03-31 Contract Country Office Website TEXT/HTML EN 2016-01-05 Activity web page
Planned start date 2022-03-01
Planned end date 2026-12-31
Actual start date 2022-03-01
Actual end date 2026-12-31
activity status: Finalisation
Physical activity is complete or the final disbursement has been made, but the activity remains open pending financial sign off or M&E
WHO'S INVOLVED ( 15 )
PARTICIPATING ORG REFERENCE ROLE TYPE
Canada
REF CA-3
Funding Government
GUYANA ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL WORKERS
Implementing National NGO
GUYANA ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN LAWYERS INC
Implementing National NGO
Global - Child Protection
Funding Multilateral
Global - Thematic Humanitarian Resp
Funding Multilateral
IP not published
Implementing Multilateral
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
Implementing Government
MINISTRY OF HUMAN SERVICES AND SOCIAL SECURITY
Implementing Government
MPTFO - UN Multi Partner
Funding Multilateral
RIGHTS OF THE CHILD COMMISSION
Implementing Government
SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE
Implementing Government
UNICEF Regular Resources
Funding Multilateral
UNICEF
Extending Multilateral
UNIVERSITY OF GUYANA
Implementing Government
USA USAID
REF US-GOV-1
Funding Government
General
Children, adolescents, women and families, including those in humanitarian settings, benefit from scaled-up preventive and response services and social workforce reforms.
humanitarian scope ( 1 )
TITLE CODE VOCABULARY TYPE
1
policy marker( 1 )
CODELIST SIGNIFICANCE VOCABULARY DESCRIPTION
Gender Equality significant objective OECD DAC CRS Significant (secondary) policy objectives are those which, although important, were not the prime motivation for undertaking the activity.
recipient country ( 1 )
GuyanaGY
100
recipient region ( 1 )
OECD DAC ( 1 )
Supra-national regions according to OECD DAC CRS recipient codes http://reference.iatistandard.org/codelists/Region/
South America, regional489
0
LOCATION ( 2 )
NAME DESCRIPTION POSITION CLASS REACH EXACTNESS
Guyana
ID
Guyana
4.860416 -58.93018 Activity Exact
Guyana
ID
Guyana
4.790651418784 -58.973483534708 Activity Exact
country budget items ( 1 )
IATI Withdrawn ( 1 )
The budget identifier reported uses IATI budget identifier categories
1.1.1
100
sector ( 12 )
OECD DAC CRS 5 digit1( 3 )
The sector reported corresponds to an OECD DAC CRS 5-digit purpose code http://reference.iatistandard.org/codelists/Sector/
Ending violence against women and girls15180
59.3
Justice, law and order policy, planning and administration15131
38.7
Social protection and welfare services policy, planning and administration16011
2
GLOSSARY
Ending violence against women and girlsSupport to programmes designed to prevent and eliminate all forms of violence against women and girls/gender-based violence. This encompasses a broad range of forms of physical, sexual and psychological violence including but not limited to: intimate partner violence (domestic violence); sexual violence; female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C); child, early and forced marriage; acid throwing; honour killings; and trafficking of women and girls. Prevention activities may include efforts to empower women and girls; change attitudes, norms and behaviour; adopt and enact legal reforms; and strengthen implementation of laws and policies on ending violence against women and girls, including through strengthening institutional capacity. Interventions to respond to violence against women and girls/gender-based violence may include expanding access to services including legal assistance, psychosocial counselling and health care; training personnel to respond more effectively to the needs of survivors; and ensuring investigation, prosecution and punishment of perpetrators of violence.
Justice, law and order policy, planning and administrationJudicial law and order sectors; policy development within ministries of justice or equivalents.
Social protection and welfare services policy, planning and administrationAdministration of overall social protection policies, plans, programmes and budgets including legislation, standards and statistics on social protection.
SDG Goal7( 1 )
A value from the top-level list of UN sustainable development goals (SDGs) (e.g. ‘1’) http://reference.iatistandard.org/codelists/unsdg-goals
Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions 16
100
Humanitarian Global Clusters (Inter-Agency Standing Committee)10( 4 )
The sector reported corresponds to an Inter-Agency Standard Committee Humanitarian Global Cluster code https://data.humdata.org/dataset/global-coordination-groups-beta
Protection 10
40.5
Protection 10
38.7
Protection 10
18.8
Protection 10
2
Reporting Organisation99( 4 )
The sector reported corresponds to a sector vocabulary maintained by the reporting organisation for this activity
Response and support services for girls, boys, and women experiencing violence, exploitaiton, abuse and neglect 33-01-02
40.5
Justice sector workforce strengthening and capacity building 33-02-02
38.7
Services to prevent or respond to gender-based violence in emergencies 33-01-09
18.8
Social service workforce strengthening 33-02-07
2
Financial Overview
Incoming Funds ( 11 )
Outgoing Commitment ( 11 )
Disbursement ( 12 )
Expenditure ( 36 )
Planned Disbursement ( 5 )
Budget ( 25 )
Incoming Funds
Outgoing Commitment
Disbursement
Expenditure
Planned Disbursement
Budget
Budget ( 25 )
START END TYPE STATUS VALUE
2022-01-01 2022-03-31 Revised 28,172.5
USD
2022-01-01 2022-12-31 Revised 112,690
USD
2022-04-01 2022-06-30 Revised 28,172.5
USD
2022-07-01 2022-09-30 Revised 28,172.5
USD
2022-10-01 2022-12-31 Revised 28,172.5
USD
2023-01-01 2023-03-31 Revised 72,181.5
USD
2023-01-01 2023-12-31 Revised 288,726
USD
2023-04-01 2023-06-30 Revised 72,181.5
USD
2023-07-01 2023-09-30 Revised 72,181.5
USD
2023-10-01 2023-12-31 Revised 72,181.5
USD
2024-01-01 2024-03-31 Revised 23,575
USD
2024-01-01 2024-12-31 Revised 94,300
USD
2024-04-01 2024-06-30 Revised 23,575
USD
2024-07-01 2024-09-30 Revised 23,575
USD
2024-10-01 2024-12-31 Revised 23,575
USD
2025-01-01 2025-03-31 Revised 13,325
USD
2025-01-01 2025-12-31 Revised 53,300
USD
2025-04-01 2025-06-30 Revised 13,325
USD
2025-07-01 2025-09-30 Revised 13,325
USD
2025-10-01 2025-12-31 Revised 13,325
USD
2026-01-01 2026-03-31 Revised 13,325
USD
2026-01-01 2026-12-31 Revised 53,300
USD
2026-04-01 2026-06-30 Revised 13,325
USD
2026-07-01 2026-09-30 Revised 13,325
USD
2026-10-01 2026-12-31 Revised 13,325
USD
Budget
Planned Disbursement ( 5 )
START END TYPE PROVIDER RECEIVER VALUE
2022-01-01 2022-12-31 Revised 112,690
USD
2023-01-01 2023-12-31 Revised 288,726
USD
2024-01-01 2024-12-31 Revised 94,300
USD
2025-01-01 2025-12-31 Revised 53,300
USD
2026-01-01 2026-12-31 Revised 53,300
USD
Planned Disbursement
Transactions ( 70 )
Incoming Funds ( 11 )
DATE DESCRIPTION PROVIDER RECEIVER VALUE
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Global - Child Protection
6,262
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Global - Thematic Humanitarian Resp
17,379
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
91,561
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Canada
9,605
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Global - Child Protection
30,895
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
MPTFO - UN Multi Partner
96,929
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
134,031
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
USA USAID
683
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Canada
40
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
64,497
USD
2025-03-31
Humanitarian
REF Incoming Funds
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
121,389
USD
Incoming Funds
Outgoing Commitment ( 11 )
DATE DESCRIPTION PROVIDER RECEIVER VALUE
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Global - Child Protection
UNICEF
6,262
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Global - Thematic Humanitarian Resp
UNICEF
17,379
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
UNICEF
91,561
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Canada
UNICEF
9,605
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Global - Child Protection
UNICEF
30,895
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
MPTFO - UN Multi Partner
UNICEF
96,929
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
UNICEF
134,031
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
USA USAID
UNICEF
683
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
Canada
UNICEF
40
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
UNICEF
64,497
USD
2025-03-31
Humanitarian
REF Commitment
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNICEF Regular Resources
UNICEF
121,389
USD
Outgoing Commitment
Disbursement ( 12 )
DATE DESCRIPTION PROVIDER RECEIVER VALUE
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
GUYANA ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN LAWYERS INC
5,493.66
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS
18,138.2
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
RIGHTS OF THE CHILD COMMISSION
4,439.73
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE
15,600.5
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNIVERSITY OF GUYANA
9,652.51
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
GUYANA ASSOCIATION OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIAL WORKERS
6,626.49
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
GUYANA ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN LAWYERS INC
13,239.94
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
MINISTRY OF HUMAN SERVICES AND SOCIAL SECURITY
10,546.43
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
RIGHTS OF THE CHILD COMMISSION
6,998
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE
52,798.06
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
UNIVERSITY OF GUYANA
39,790.78
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Disbursement
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
SUPREME COURT OF JUDICATURE
12,985.15
USD
Disbursement
Expenditure ( 36 )
DATE DESCRIPTION PROVIDER RECEIVER VALUE
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
18,210
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
27,791
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
416
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
44,498
USD
2022-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
9,339
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
10,347
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
12,108
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
1,458
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
2,549
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
31,921
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
36,660
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
70,313
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
737
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
91,991
USD
2023-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
9,545
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
-5
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
10,265
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
25,579
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
27
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
29,572
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
34,802
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
38
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
41,502
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
43
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
49,678
USD
2024-12-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
5
USD
2025-01-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
2,966
USD
2025-01-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
7,132
USD
2025-02-28
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
2,965
USD
2025-02-28
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
7,131
USD
2025-03-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
2,965
USD
2025-03-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
7,131
USD
2025-04-30
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
2,977
USD
2025-04-30
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
7,143
USD
2025-05-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
2,977
USD
2025-05-31
Humanitarian
REF Expense
CHANNEL Money is disbursed directly to the implementing institution and managed through a separate bank account 2
7,143
USD
Expenditure
result( 1 )
output( 1 )
GLOSSARY
OutputResults of the activity that came about as a direct effect of your work and specific, what is done, and what communities are reached. For example, X number of individuals.
Output
indicator( 1 )
Children, adolescents, women and families, including those in humanitarian settings, benefit from scaled-up preventive andresponse services and social workforce reforms.
| Status:Average Progress | As-of Date:27/12/2024
INDICATOR
REFERENCE
VOCAB Reporting Organisation 99
CODE 1
FACET BASELINE TARGET ACTUAL % PERIOD
No dimension has been provided
No location has been provided
9999
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
N/A
:
No dimension has been provided
No location has been provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
N/A
9999-01-01 : 9999-12-31
General Enquiries
UNICEF Guyana
5922267083
Guyana Office, UN House, Duke Street, Kingston, Georgetown, Guyana, By mail: UNICEF Guyana and Suriname, P.O Box 10960, Georgetown, Guyana
other identifier( 1 )
REFERENCE IDENTIFIER OWNER ORG IDENTIFIER TYPE DESCRIPTION
41122-Guyana-1800/A0/07/883/002
UNICEF previous reporting-org identifier
Previous Reporting Organisation Identifier
CODE B1
No description provided
conditions( 1 )
NARRATIVE TYPE DESCRIPTION
Should contribute directly to results for children as outlined in the UNDAF, national results and/or UNICEF Strategic Plan and within the scope defined in the CPD, CPAP, OMP or other agreed upon programme documents
Policy The condition attached requires a particular policy to be implemented by the recipient