Since 23 Sep Israel has initiated expanded attacks on Lebanon. The gov. estimates that 1.2M people have been forced to flee with 187,000 officially registered in 1,032 collective shelters. Based on 2006 experience, about 25% are estimated to be in shelters. Vulnerable groups, incl. female-headed HH, PwD, migrant workers, and families with protection risks, face heightened challenges in securing safe living spaces. Oxfam already recorded Syrians, other refugees and migrants being denied access to collective shelters. Thesegroups have to stay on the streets, in public spaces or in rented spaces amid rising rent prices. Chouf and Saida are among the 5 districts with most IDPs. In Chouf, Oxfam conducted a RNA in 12 collective shelters. 58% reported lack ofshower facilities and 25% reported cases of dermatitis and diarrhoea. 25% of the bathrooms has no locks which forms a protection risk. Women/girls in all shelters reported the need for menstrual hygiene items. Other priority WASH needs are soap, buckets,underwear, diapers for children, elderly or people with incontinence. Oxfam’s partner Nabaa conducted a RNA in Saida among 1471 HH. 11% are residing in collective shelters, while 15% are renting houses and 74% are hosted by relatives/friends, who already struggle with dire economic conditions. Identified needs were substantial, incl. food, water, NFIs, hygiene supplies, baby formula, and diapers for babies and elderly. Based on the assessments, Oxfam and partners Nusaned and Nabaa target 10.560 ppl in Chouf and Saida, providing MPCA to HH outside collective shelters, as recommend by Basic Assistance sector, to cover pressing needs, and WASH assistance, incl. hygiene items, water trucking and WASH facilities repair. Protection and gender are mainstreamed.The project complements our Protection services and Winterisation kits in the same districts. Markets are functional. Project is coordinated with TF and Plan, working in the same districts, incl. referral pathways.